A history of nigeria by toyin falola cambridge core. Finally, it suggests that despite politically driven forces behind the use of indigenous languages in nigerian society, the prospects for the english language in. Effects of english language on national development olofin alabi olusoji principal lecturer, the federal polytechnic, adoekiti, ekiti state, nigeria. The place of english language in the development of nigeria. Pdf the functions of english in nigeria from the earliest. The official language of nigeria is english, the former language of colonial british nigeria. Why is english chosen as nigerias official language. However, it is believed that the first intimate contact between the british and some ethnic groupings in nigeria was in southern nigeria. Jan 20, 2015 the 3 dominant indigenous languages hausa, igbo and yoruba had an almost equal number of speakers so english was retained as the official language falola and heaton, 2008 all these events paved the way for the recent and ongoing development of the english language in nigeria 8.
Language situation at the colonia era when britain took over as the colonial power in nigeria, english became the tool with which the new territory would be administered. English performs the following major roles in nigeria. Sep 07, 20 nigeria is trapped in the local language dilemma, accustomed to speaking english, the language of british colonialism as the imperial power tended to wield together, people of diverse ethnic. Dictionary of nigerian english circulation draft roger blench 1 introduction these notes are intended to raise some issues on sources, interpretation and the definition of nigerian english. Prior to then, education was done informally, as children were taught tradition, culture, history, and the likes by their parents who were in turn taught by their own parents. On this page you can read or download history of education in nigeria pdf in pdf format. The origin of english language in nigeria and its importance legit. It is being taught in schools from the prenursery down to. Each part has five 5 questions four 4 of which were in a yes, no, and not sure scale the fifth question in each part was openended. The acquisition and use of english as a second language in nigeria tope omoniyi.
Nigeria history, language and culture world travel guide. As reported in 2003, nigerian english and nigerian pidgin were spoken as a second language by 60 million people in nigeria. A brief history of the english language and literature, vol. Oct 14, 2019 english is the official language of nigeria, a former british protectorate. Download waec past questions and answers pdf edungr. The multilingual problem in nigeria, the use of english a foreign language as the countrys official language and the resultant conflict over which indigenous language should replace english as the official language stemmed from british colonization of nigeria. Importance of english language in nigeria free essays. Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria 1.
Still, stylistic devices are painted with all bright national and cultural specifics. Free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by project gutenberg. English especially the variety known as nigerian pidgin english functions as a lingua franca in this multilingual country. English is the official language of nigeria, a former british protectorate. Nigeria is trapped in the local language dilemma, accustomed to speaking english, the language of british colonialism as the imperial power tended to wield together, people of diverse ethnic. The impact of lagos on the english language of nigeria 1. The functions of english in nigeria from the earliest times to the present day article pdf available in english today 2502. The past questions and answers for waec are available for all the popular waec subjects, including waec past questions and answers on mathematics, physic, economics, government, chemistry, biology, agriculture, etc. Each part has five 5 questions four 4 of which were in a yes, no, and not sure scale the fifth question in each part was openended, mainly to allow the respondents to express themselves.
English is one of them which become international language. English language, a west germanic language of the indoeuropean. Prior to then, education was done informally, as children were taught tradition, culture, history, and the likes by their parents who were in turn taught by. The english language and sustainable development in nigeria.
International journal of history and cultural studies ijhcs. Toyin falola, a leading historian intimately acquainted. Finally, the study identified that the use of mother tongueindigenous language should be chosen to enhance academic performances of. An initial twb assessment found that humanitarian organizations working with idps and host communities in northeastern nigeria lack the information to base their communication. English has been one of the major languages in the world. The result also shows that multilingualism affects teaching and learning and general performance of students and the educational system in nigeria. They come together and empty into the niger delta, one of the worlds largest river deltas. Although english language is now the language of government, business and commerce, education, the mass media, literature and internal as well as external communication, there are still problems in the teaching of english as a second language in secondary schools. The country is also home to more than 520 languages, but there are many more languages which are yet to be classified.
Another source says, the method of human communication, either in spoken or written. Language acquisition and learning in nigerian english adeyemi daramola. The christian missionaries who came from great britain introduced formal western education to nigeria, just before the middle of the 19 th century. Consequently, the education ordinance and codes of 1882, 1896, 1918 and 1926 were enacted for english language to be as the official language. Nigerian english, also known as nigerian standard english, is a dialect of english spoken in. Roles of english language in nigeria english language is the interconnecting language amongst nigerians from different geopolitical zones and different ethnicities. Nigeria department of field support cartographic section map no. English is the official language in nigeria was made so to unite the country linguistically and culturally. Going by this historical position, it is safe to conclude that english predates colonization in nigeria.
The functions of nigerian english in relation to other nigerian languages v. Nigeria is a famous country with more than one hundred and forty million population. The multilingual nature of nigeria has become one of her greatest challenges in recent time. Language profile of five idp sites in maiduguri final. In addition to english, hausa, yoruba, igbo, fula, and english creole are widely spoken. English language is a worldwide language, and its the means of communication in over 30% of all countries in the world. Of course, it is tempting to, as usual, blame the british for all this, for bringing us their english language and their pen and paper. This is a brief history of english language in nigeria. Since history relies heavily on written documents as records of the past, it follows logically that the roots.
Language is used to defining the characteristics of every nation. Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria. Nigeria is a multilingual country comprises of different ethnic groups, which occupied geographically, a complicated landscape from its historiccultural, political, economic and educational developments. The importance of english language is spreading geographically in the world there are many languages being spoken.
Two main modern pronouncements on language policy in nigeria merit our attention, to wit the national policy on education 1977, revised in 1981, and the 1979 constitution, which is more cited than its 1989 reincarnation. Nigeria is a multilingual nation with over 520 languages being spoken in the country. Within nigeria, slavery was widespread and bore social implications that are still evident. Grammar what is the functions of english language in.
Quantitative indicators from cameroon, nigeria, rwanda, bangladesh and pakistan. Even the nomadic education has to be done in english language because the concept to be used in teaching at a higher level right after primary three has to be provided in the english language. The english language in nigeria reflects the uniqueness of african reality and african mentality in its own way and, in general, the linguistic picture of the world of nigerians. Nigeria simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The highest point in nigeria is chappal waddi at 2,419 m 7,936 ft. History of english language book free download this book is available for free download in a number of formats including epub, pdf, azw, mobi and more. Nigerian english became a nativized language that functions uniquely within its. Proof of proficiency in english language nigerians help. Library of congress federal research division country profile. This is the first published dictionary of the bade language, spoken in northern. Pdf history of english language in nigeria researchgate. It is the location of a large area of central african mangroves. Communication in the english language is much more popular in the countrys urban communities than it is in the rural areas.
French as nigerias second official language the guardian. Effects of english language on national development. Nigeria is africas most populous country and the worlds eighth largest oil producer, but its success has been undermined in recent decades by ethnic and religious conflict, political instability, rampant official corruption and an ailing economy. But then, communication was not any less complicated in the days before nigerians learnt to write press releases in english. Information about nigeria in the dictionary, synonyms and antonyms. Nigerian english dictionary pdf nigerian english dictionary pdf nigerian english dictionary pdf download.
English is one of the official languages, as it is in india, nigeria, and the. Free jamb past questions available here for download pdf. Nigerian english, also known as nigerian standard english, is a dialect of english spoken in nigeria. The english language is the language of education in nigeria ndimele 2006. In fact, we use language in many different ways, some of these are, the informational, the expressive, the directive, the phatic, the aesthetic. With the centre for the study of nigerian languages then a research branch of. Brief history of english language in nigeria library gurus. Language attitude patterns of nigerians introduction according to longmans english dictionary, language is a system of communication by writing or spoken words which is used by the people of a particular country or area.
There are over 500 native languages spoken in nigeria. English language is termed as nigeria second language, it is being used as a communication tool by everyone in the country. English language is the interconnecting language amongst nigerians from different geopolitical zones and different ethnicities. Chancery english is characterized by relatively free spelling, but some rules evolve a gh at the end of. History and importance of english language in nigeria. History of the english language carsonnewman college. Pdf on jan 1, 20, oreoluwa solomon and others published history of english language in nigeria find, read and cite all the research.
The english language, like all languages, traces its ultimate ancestry to a time predating the written word. History of english language in nigeria and top 10 uses. What is your advise in submitting proof of proficiency in english language. Cambridge core regional history after 1500 a history of nigeria by toyin falola. Ahistoryofnigeria nigeria is africas most populous country and the worlds eighth largest oil producer, but its success has been undermined in recent decades by ethnic and religious con. Nigeria history, language and culture history of nigeria. Free resources to assist you with your university studies. Hausa was an official language of the northern states from 1951 to 1967. Indigenous language, dominance, english language, marginalisation, fate, development. A veritable instrument for fostering teachers education in nigeria obadare, f.
The use of english as the official language in nigeria defuses ethnic conflicts and yet questions the authenticity and identifies of the users. We use language and that language is a part of society. Aug 01, 2019 nigeria is a multilingual nation with over 520 languages being spoken in the country. History of english language in nigeria the christian missionaries who came from great britain introduced formal western education to nigeria, just before the middle of the 19thcentury. Openness of vocabulary implies both free admission of words from other languages and.
If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the faq by clicking the link above. If you dont see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom v. Since history relies heavily on written documents as records of the past, it follows logically that the roots of language must be prehistoric. The states of kanem and borno, which flourished on the shores of lake chad from about ad 10 onwards, were the first imperial states in the region, founded on control of transsaharan trade routes. Sources1 one of the most difficult issues in lexicography is documenting usages in a semiwritten language. English as a global language, second edition institute for cultural.
Mar 28, 2009 functions of english language in nigeria. This must have been at some period before the atlantic slave trade. Pdf english language dominance and the fate of indigenous. Five functions of language leech, 1974 1017 words 4 pages essay in english language. The spectrum of english in nigeria ranges from standard english through a more general english whose structures are. The english language is perhaps the united kingdoms greatest and. A person uses his language to many different purposes for example, to express his feelings, to ask for help and to apologize. This is not an example of the work produced by our essay writing service. I understand that nigeria is one of the countries exempted from having to take the ielts so for the initial submission to cio, nova scotia. Nigerians and their use of the english language bbc. Nigeria is the most populous country in africa with over 186 million residents.
Nigeria, july 2008 2 of slaves flowed north across the sahara for a millennium, ending only at the beginning of the twentieth century. Proper usage and audio pronunciation plus ipa phonetic transcription of the word nigeria. Additionally, loanwords and collocations have emerged from the native languages of nigeria, which come from the need to express concepts specific to the culture of. History of the english language is a threeunit course. Department of general studies education college of education, ikereekiti, ekiti state, nigeria abstract the paper examined teachers education in relation to english language.
Thus, it is the nigerian literature in english, far more than its indigenous language counterpart, that has raised issues of culturecontact and cultureconflict, the place of tradition in the modern ethos, the problems of the administration of a modern polity, as well as notions of sexism and the place of the womenfolk in our new reality. The exact date that english language usage started in nigeria is not certain. Authorized british edition from the english language edition, entitled a history of the. David crystal, world authority on the english language, presents a lively. History of english language in nigeria and top 10 uses problems. It is the most widely spoken language, although english is the official language of nigeria.
What is the functions of english language in nigeria. This has always resulted in arguments about the choice of indigenous languages for official and national purposes because. I wonder how many citizens of the densely populated country are aware of the fact that in 1996, the late general sani abacha declared french as nigerias second official language. It is chosen to be the official language partially because people of some parts speak english because of the colonies ruled by the british which came to an end in the year 1960. The instrument was divided into four parts to cater for four variables. Free jamb past questions available here pdf format olusegun modified. On this page you can read or download government textbook pdf nigeria in pdf format. The british empire lead to nigeria being exposed to the english language and the need to communicate resulted in it being infused it in their culture today independence was achieved from the u.
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